History of the Olympic Peninsula | Access Genealogy (2024)

This history of the Olympic Peninsula comes from a book written by Murray Cromwell Morgan. Published in 1955 by Viking Press in New York, “The Last Wilderness” is a comprehensive historical account of Washington’s Olympic Peninsula. Spanning 275 pages, this book delves into the rich and tumultuous history of the region, offering insights into its pioneering days, the challenges of its lumber ports, and the establishment of Olympic National Park.

The book begins with a foreword that sets a personal tone, as Morgan recounts childhood memories of the Olympic Peninsula, reflecting a deep, lifelong affection for the area. Through twelve detailed chapters, Morgan guides readers through the evolving landscape of the Peninsula, highlighting significant periods and events such as the era of violence in Grays Harbor, the establishment of various communities like Shelton and Home, and the unique environmental and cultural challenges faced by these settlements.

Each chapter addresses a different aspect of the Peninsula’s history, from its early settlement and industrial growth to the conservation battles that defined its mid-20th-century identity. Morgan extensively acknowledges the many individuals and resources that assisted in his research, underscoring the book’s thoroughness and the author’s dedication to historical accuracy.

Contents

Foreword ix
In the Time Before Everything Changed 3
Port Townsend: A Matter of Customs 29
The Lumber Ports 55
The God Terminus 83
Home: No Place Like It 101
Grays Harbor: The Era of Violence 122
Olympic National Park: The Fight the Iron Man Lost 153
Shelton and the Hundred-Year Cycle 189
Gersh’s Damned Paradise 215
This Veritable Breed 235
Land’s End 246

Index

Aberdeen, 86, 123-24, 127-29, 137, 141, 185, 203, 233
Adams, John, President, 162
Adams, a prospector, 43
Addis, Harry, 106
Admiralty, the, 79-82
Admiralty Inlet, 28, 59
Agitator, The, 102, 113-16, 119-20
Agitators, 113, 119, 122-28
Ainus, the, 9
Airplane manufacture, 146, 198
A. J. West (schooner), 127
Ajax (tugboat), 71
Akeley, Carl, 227
Alaska, 9, 18, 69, 171, 238
Alaska Commercial Company, 69
Albion (schooner ), 30-33
Aldwell, Thomas, 195
Aleutians, 9-10
Aleuts, the, 10
Allen, George, 103
American Federation of Labor, 140, 150
American Legion, 150-51
Americans, the, 24-25, 32; see also United States
Anacortes, 199
Anacortes Plywood, 200
Anarchists, 106-107, 113, 115-17
Anderson, Col. J. J., 118-19
Anian, Strait of, 8
Annas Bay, 190
Anti-Chinese riots, 87
Arctic Ocean, 12
Argonaut (ship), 21
Astoria, 32-33
Atalanta (bark), 75
Atlasov, 9
Australia, 55, 82
Austrian East India Company, 17
Automobile manufacture, 199
Avatcha Bay, 9

Bachelder, Charles, 35
Bailey, W. E., 220
Bainbridge Island, 191
Balch, Capt. Lafayette, 35-36
Ballinger, Richard Achilles, 171
Barkley, Capt. Charles William, 17, 249
Barkley, Jane, 17
Barto, Norm and Rina, 253-54
Basket-weavers, 236
Bawdy houses, 136, 138
Beach dwellers, 238-39
Beardslee, Adm. Leslie A., 227
Bears, 157-58, 172, 205, 214
Beaver, 27-28, 214
Beaver, S. S., 30
Bell, Milo, 232
Bellamy, Edward, 101-102
Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, 170
Bering, Vitus, 9
Bering Brothers Bank, London, 85
Bene Island, 9
Big Blowdown of 1921, 168
Big Foot, a cougar, 157-58
Big Jim Turner, Stevens, 63
Big Skookum, 190
Binns, Archie, 80, 139
Blueberries, 236
Bodega y Quadra, Juan Francisco de la, 23
Bogachiel River, 185-86
Boit, John, 26
Bolton, William, 31
Bombs and bombing, 115, 123
Bootleggers, 45
Boston, 26-27, 91
Boston Harbor, 85
Boxboard mills, 195
Bracken, Tom, 97
Brandeburry, Pete, 156, 158
Brant, patrol boat, 241
Brant, Irving, 181
Bremerton, 190
Bretherton, B. J., 224-25
Brotchie, William, 30-31
Brother Jonathan, S. S., 53, 90
Brown, E. S., 56
Browne, Belmore, 226
Browne, J. Ross, 38, 42-45
Brush-pickers, 236-37
Bryan, William, 204
Buchanan, James A., 38
Buckers, 129
Budd Harbor, 85
Bull teams, 65, 190
Bullwhackers, 66-68, 130
Bunkhouses, 134-36, 208
Bunyan, Paul, 4, 153, 158
Burley Co-Operator, 112
Burley Lagoon, 101
Burmeister, A. C., 117-18
Burns, William J., 116; Detective Agency, 115, 117
Butts, Frank, 241-42
Butts, Margaret, 241

Cabrillo, Juan, 8
Calawah River, 149
California, 55, 82, 90-91, 169, 175
Calista, Soy 4144
Camano Island, 77
Camp Grisdale, 205, 207-208, 211—212
Canada, 22, 43, 229, 231-32
Canal de Haro, 22
Canning industry, 229-30
Canoes, 7, 92, 178, 256; fishing, 58; hunting, 14-16; war, 61-62
Caplan, David, 115
Carhart, Arthur, 162
Carlos III, Don, 10
Carrie, Mount, 167
Cascades, the, 4, 217
Casein glue, 198
Cattle, 172-73
Cedar, 7, 58-59, 168, 213-14
“Cedar asthma,” 140
Cellophane, 197
Cellulose, 195, 197
Chain saws, 211
Chapman, William O., 117-18
Chase, Salmon P., 45-46, 48, 51-52
Chehalis Indians, 93n.
Chehalis River, 78, 137, 150-51
Chetzemoka, Chief (Duke of York), 41, 44
Chicago, 113, 142, 195
Chimacum Indians, 62
China, 12, 17-18, 21
Chinook Indians, 93
Chokermen, 130, 211
Christie, James Halbold, 221-24
Circular Mill, 62, 1377.
Circular saws, 62
Civil War, 47, 95
Clallam Bay, 161
Clallam County, 168, 175
Clallam Indians, 8, 31, 35-36, 41, 53, 58, 69-70, 95
Clallam Lumber Company, 169
Clammers, 236
Clams, 59, 91, 103
Clarke, Walter, 226
Clayoquot Sound, 76
Clearcutting, 203
Cleveland, Grover, 162, 165, 167
Clothed with the Sun, Waisbrooker and Penhallow, 112
Coast Guard (see U. S. Coast Guard)
Colnett, Capt. James, 21
Columbia Rediviva, sloop, 24-27n.
Columbia River, 21, 25, 27
Coman, E. T., Jr., and Gibbs, Helen M., 61n.
Compact of the Mutual Home Colony Association, 103
Conservation, 164, 169-70, 182-84, 230
Constance, Mount, 223
Conveyors, 193-94
Cook, James, 10-12, 17-18, 23
Cooke, Jay, 96
Cooperatives, 199-200
Coos Bay, 4
Coots, 59
Corporation taxes, 200
Cosmopolis, 93, 128, 141
Cottonwood, 198, 204
Cougars, 155-58, 162, 173-74, 236, 244
Cowlitz Indians, 93n.
Craw, W. E. (Ed), 240
Crescent, Lake, 89, 148-49, 167, 185, 227
Crescent Boxwood Company, 195
Crisler, Herb and Lois, 244-45
Cross-cut saws, 64
Crown Zellerbach, 195
Crumback, John Henry, 221
Cushman, Francis, 170
Cut-over land, 192, 202, 212
Cyrus Walker (towboat), 69-71

Dabob Bay, 59
Dadisman, Henry, 113
Danton, Private, 225
Davidson, George, 88, 253
Davidson, Robert, 20
Deer, 63, 155, 157, 174, 214, 222
Delabarra, W. R., 225
DeLane, Mac, 123
Demonstrator, The, 102, 110, 112
Denny, Alfred, 54
Destruction Island, 10, 246-60
Devastation, H. M. S., 95
Diesel cats, 211
“Dinkys,” 129
Discontent—Mother of Progress, 102, 106-107, 109
Discovery, H.M.S., 10-12
Discovery Bay, 30-32, 58
Disney, Walt, 245
Disque, Col. Bryce P., 146, 150, 152
Disque Junction, 147
Dockton, 99
Dodwell, Arthur, 166-68
Doelscher, The Rev. J. F., 108
Dogfish oil, 61, 65, 92
Dolbeer, John, 129
Donkey engines, 129, 191
Donkey-punchers, 129
Door, Eben May, 32
Door manufacture, 192
Dosewallips, 24
Douglas, David, 57
Douglas, Capt. William, 18, 21
Douglas fir, 57-58, 64, 81, 163, 168, 181, 193, 204, 207, 213-14
Dowell, Roderick, 257-58
Drake, Francis, 8, 10
Dub of South Burlap, The, Satterlee, 65
Duckabush, 224
Duffin, Mr., 19
Dukhobors, 113-14
Dungeness, 94-95
Dungeness spit, 242

East Clallam & Forks, 90
Eberhardt, Joseph, 236
Ebey, Isaac, 34
Edger, Mrs. Rosalie, 181
Ediz Hook, 195, 215
Egg and I, The, MacDonald, 189
Elderberries, 173
Eliza Anderson, S. S., 70
Elk, 3, 7, 155, 160, 170, 173-80, 214, 222, 227, 236, 245
Elk National Park, 170
Ellinor, Mount, 166
Elliott, D. G., 227
Elliott, Henry, 96
Elwha River, 195, 221-25, 244-45
Emergency Conservation Committee, 181
England, 28, 30-31, 47
English, the, 8, 10, 18, 21, 23, 28, 30, 32, 92
Ennis Creek, 87
Equality community, 101
Ens Franz, 120-21
Erosion, 204
Esquimalt, 47
Everest, Wesley, 151
Everett, 89, 140, 143-44, 182
Evergreen jungle, the, 7, 11

Fallers, 64
Farmers, 29, 161
F.B. 1, 242-43
Fearless (schooner), 125
Felice (ship), 18, 21
Ferry, Elisha, 220
Fillmore, Millard, 94
Fir, 57, 146, 171, 190, 192, 198, 202, 213; see also Douglas fir
Fire-suppression crews, 213
Firebrand, 106
Fish traps, 229, 231
Fisher, Carl, 177
Fisheries, 36
Fishermen, commercial, 217, 229—30, 233; sports, 217, 227-29, 253
Fishing in the Olympics, Webster, 227
Fishway, 232
Flattery, Cape, 11, 57, 72-75, 92, 186
Fletcher, Lena Huelsdonk, see Huelsdonk, Lena
Florida, 175
Flu epidemic of 1918, 147
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 111
Fog and foghorns, 259
Fone, Adm. Pedro Bartolomé de, 8
Forbes, Billy, 66
Forest Condition in the Olympic Reserve, Washington, 166
Forest fires, 62, 149, 205, 212-13
Forest Lieu Act, 167-68
Forest reserves, 162, 165-70
Forest, see National forests; Trees
Forks, 149-50, 158, 185
Foster (ship), 76
Foulweather Bluff, 59
Fox, Esther, 116
Fox, Jay, 113, 116-20
Fraser River, 43, 230-33
Free love, 106-107, 111-12
Free-thinkers, 104, 111-12, 238
Fry, Capt. Robert, 33
Fur trade, 12, 17-18, 21-22
Furs, 9-10, 12, 16-18, 21-22, 26, 29; see also name of animal, as Sea otter

Gamble, Robert, 60
Gang saws, 61
Gannett, Henry, 165
General Land Office, 168-71
George, Henry, 112
George Emery (brig), 35
Gershowitz, Comdr. David, 216-18
Gertie (boat), 222-23
Gigedo, Revilla, 27
Gilman, C. S. and J. C., 223
Glavis, Louis R., 171
Glennis, 101-104
Goeducks, 59
Gohl, Billy, 122-28, 137
Gold rush, California, 33-34, 91; Canberra, 55; Fraser, 43, 45; Klondike, 69
Golden Hind (ship), 8
Golden Rule, S.S., 53
Goldman, Emma, 107-108, 116
Goliah (tugboat), 71-72
Good, Peter Peyto, 87
Goven, Charles, 105, 109-10
Grand Coulee, 4
Gray, Robert, 24-25, 27, 250-61
Grays Harbor, 7, 25, 27n., 85-86, 90, 92, 122-24, 127-29, 134, 180-81, 184-85, 191, 199, 206, 223
Grays Harbor County, 203
Grays Harbor & Puget Sound, 84
Grease monkeys, 66
Green Commonwealth, Holbrook, 66
Grouse, 214
Guides, 176, 236
Guindon, Johnny, 68-69
Gunn, Collector, 52-53
Gunpowder, 197
Gyppos, 77

Hagen, Coast Guardsman, 250, 255, 259-60
Haidas, the, 61
Hall, Henry, 79, 82
Hammersley Inlet, 190-91
Hanco*ck, Samuel, 94
Hanford, Judge, 109
Hanna, Capt. James, 17
Hanna, Mark, 142
Harbor Plywood Company, 199
Harmon, Moses, 111
Haro, Lopez de, 21
Harper’s Monthly, 44
Harrison, Benjamin, 164
Hassel, Art, 255
Hastings, Father, 48
Hastings, Loren, 35-36, 42
Hatberg, Charles, 127-28
Hawaii, 10, 12, 21
Hayes, Christopher O’Connell, 221
Haymarket Riot, 113
Haywood, Big Bill, 111
Heceta, Bruno, 10
Hell’s Gate, 232
Hemlock, 6, 146, 190, 194-96, 202, 204, 213-14
Henderson, Louis, 224
Hewitt, Christopher, 68
Hewlett, Big Fred, 138
High climbers, 132
Highballing, 133
Hill, Joe, 142, 151
Hinderwell, Capt. Richard O., 30, 36
Hoffman, John, 127-28
Hoh glacier, 225
Hoh River, 92n., 149, 157-61, 169, 172-73, 176-80, 188, 249
Hoh Valley, 154-55, 162, 178
Hoko River, 147
Holbrook, Stewart, 66, 138
Home Colony, 101-21, 192
Homer in the Sagebrush, Stevens, 134
Homesteads, 61, 169
Hood Canal, 28, 59, 96, 190
Hooktenders, 67, 130
Hope (merchantman), 23
Hope Islands, 68
Hoquiam, 125, 128-29, 141, 155, 175, 185, 196, 203
Hoquiam River, 128, 224
Horses, 191
How to Free the Earth of the Sex Disease, Waisbrooker, 112
Hubbard, Elbert, 111
Hudson’s Bay Company, 30-31, 229
Huelsdonk, Dora (Mrs. John), 158, 160-61
Huelsdonk, Doris, 173
Huelsdonk, John, 153-61, 172, 187-188, 244
Huelsdonk, Lena, 161, 176n.
Huelsdonk family, 161, 169, 172-73
Huelsdonk ranch, 173, 179, 187
Humboldt Saloon, 138-39
Humes brothers, 225
Humes Glacier, 166
Humphrey, William, 170
Humptulips River, 224
Hunters and hunting, 9, 14-16; elk, 175-80, 188
Hunter’s Point, 236

Ickes, Harold L., 181-82, 186-87
Illinois, 169
Immigrant’s Return, Pellegrini, 192n.
Imperial Eagle (ship), 17, 249
In Forbidden Seas, Snow, 16n.
India, 18, 22
Indian agents, 70, 93, 191
Indian Creek, 127-28
Indian reservations, 93, 185
Indians, 7-8, 14-17, 19, 24, 26, 28—29, 41, 53, 59, 69-70, 91-93, 178, 223, 233, 249, 251, 256, 260; legends of, 3-7; trade with, 12, 17—18, 26, 31-34, 92; whisky and, 42
Industrial Workers of the World (I. W. W.), 112, 142-46, 150-51, 238
International Brotherhood of Woodsmen and Sawmill Workers, 140
International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, 231—32
International Shingle Weavers Union of America, 140
Iowa, 159-60
Iphigenia (ship), 18, 21
Iron Man of the Hoh, see Huelsdonk, John
Irondale, 97
Irrigation, 6
“Isla de Dolores,” 249

Jacobson, Sig, 123
Jefferson, Thomas, 161
Jefferson County, 175
Joe Lane (cutter), 47, 51
Joe’s Bay, 103, 106, 110, 120
Johnson, Frankie, 256-60
Jones, Carl, 256-57
Jones, Carrie, 167
Jordan, David Starr, 227
Juan de Fuca, Strait of, 5, 8, 11, 17, 19, 22, 25, 28, 88
Junius Pringle (schooner), 57, 60

Kamchatka peninsula, 9
Kate and Ann (schooner), 180
Keller, Capt. J. P., 76
Kemp, Harry, 111
Kendrick, Capt. John, 24
Kitsap Peninsula, 84
Klas Rock, 59
Klingenberg, John, 127-28
Kneeland, W. H., 191
Kopolla, Joe, 120-21
Kurile Islands, 9

Lady of Mystery, 111
Lady Washington (sloop), 24
Lake Bay, 113-14
Land companies, 168
LaPush, 246, 249-51, 256
Larkin, Tom, 114
Lath, 77
Laucks, I. F., 198
Lavender, 236
Ledyard, John, 11-12, 24
Legends, 3-7, 153
Leighton, Caroline, 72
Levin, Oscar, 212-13
Libby, Capt. S. D., 71-72
Lighthouses, 251-52, 259
Lignin, 197
Lillian River, 223
Lincoln, Abraham, 45-46, 51-52, 54, 68, 215
Linsley, N. E., 224-25
Lister, Ernest, 120
Live oak, 162
Living My Life, Goldman, 116
Lockwood, Clarence, 209-10
Log patrol, 240-41
Log pirates, 236, 239-40
Log poaching, 242
Loggers, 63, 133-39, 206, 211, 218
Logging, 31, 63-67, 128; high-lead, 131-32; modern, 204-11; in National Forests, 170-71, 181, 202; steam, 191-95; in World War I, 146-48
Logging camps, 133, 208-209, 211
Logging trains, see Railroads
Looking Backward, Bellamy, 102
Looney, Bill, 212-14
Lorenz, Ed, 108
Los Angeles Times, 115
Loyal Legion of Loggers and Lumbermen (4-L), 146, 150
Loyalty League, 108
L. P. Foster (schooner), 60
Lucifer, 111
Lumber, 72-73, 180-81, 190; by-products of, 196-97; measurement of, 60n.; see also Sawmills; Trees
Lumber industry, 36, 56, 60-82, 128-52, 235
Lumber schooners, 61, 72-76, 180
Lumbermen, 165, 171, 182-83, 190, 202
Lumbermen’s Protective Association, 145
Lyon, Hill and Company, 148-49

McCarron, Capt. Michael, 137
McCleary, 186, 192-94, 202-204
McCleary, Henry, 192
McCleary, Henry, Timber Company, 192-94
McCormick Harvesting Machine strike, 113
MacDonald, Betty, 189
McDonald, a prospector, 43
McGill, Henry, 50
McGill, The Rev. Oscar, 144
McGlone, Jack, 167, 226
Mack, W. B., 141
McKinley, William, 107, 116, 167—169
McNamara, Joe and Jim, 115
Madison, James, 27n.
Maine, 36, 55, 61-63, 163
Makahs, the, 7, 19, 23, 69-71, 94-95, 160
Maldonado, Capt. Lorenzo Ferrer de, 8
Manganese, 171, 236
Marten, 174
Martin, Clarence, 180
Martinez, Don Estevan José, 21-22
Masher, Capt. Frederick, 75
Masked War, The, Burns, 116
Mason County, 190, 201-203
Mason County Journal, 167
Massachusetts, U. S.S., 62
Masts, 61
Matlock, 156
Mats Mats, 59
Meares, John, 18-21, 23-24, 30
Melenthe, Clyde, 253
Merrill and Ring, 147
Merryman, Lt. J. H., 47-49
Mexico, 10, 35, 82, 127
Michigan, 128, 130, 163, 169
Military scrip, 78
Mill workers, 62-63
Mills, see kind of mill, as Sawmills
Mills, E. M., 196
Milwaukee Land Company, 212
Milwaukee Railroad, 169
Mining, 171
Minnesota, 130
Model Commonwealth, 88
Monopolies, 18
Montesano, 126, 151
Montmorency, Bouchart de, 113
Morton, James F., Jr., 105-106, 110, 112
Moses, Simpson P., 33
Mother Earth, 117
Mount Olympus National Monument, 171, 180-81
Mountain climbing, 167, 219-26
Mountaineers, the, 225-26
Muir, John, 101, 162-63
Mule trains, 220, 222, 224
“Muley” saws, 60
Murders, 124-28, 144, 150-51, 206—207

Nakarty, Chief, 93
National Academy of Science, 165, 169
National Forests, 165, 170, 181-83, 202-203, 242-43
National Labor Relations Board, 150
National Monuments, 182
National Parks, 170, 180-81
Natural resources, 163
Neah Bay, 19, 23, 70, 94
New Albion, 10
New England, 11
New Era, 102, 104-105
New York, 94, 112, 115, 217, 219
Newsprint, 195
Nisqually, 30, 33, 62n.
Nisqually Forest Industry Nursery, 213
Nolte, W. J., 117, 119
Nootka, 11-12, 18-19, 21-24, 27
North Carolina, 169
Northern Pacific, 84-85, 96
Northerner, S.S., 68
Northwest America (ship), 21
Northwest Coast, The, Swan, 94
Northwest Passage, 8, 10, 12
Nudists, 113-14, 117, 121

Ocosta-by-the-Sea, 85-86
O’dell, F. F., 103
O’Leary, William, 92
Olson, Barney, 233
Olson, Ignar, 244
Olympia, 34, 51, 69, 186-87, 198
Olympia Pioneer and Democrat, 42
Olympia Veneer Company, 198-99
Olympic elk (see Elk)
Olympic Elk, The, 245
Olympic Forest Products Company, 148, 196
Olympic Forest Reserve, 162, 165, 170, 172
Olympic Loop highway, 184, 190
Olympic Monument (see Mount Olympus National Monument)
Olympic National Park, 180-81
Olympic Peninsula, 29, 84, 163, 165, 182, 235-36; climate, 5-6; history, 8-28; size, 3
Olympics, the, 4-5, 28, 57, 165, 186, 215, 217, 219, 224, 226, 244-45
Olympus, Mount, 10, 21, 161, 166, 236; exploration of, 219-26
O’Neil, Lieut. Joseph, 219-20, 224—225
Orchards, 110
Oregon Alpine Club, 224
Oregon Improvement Company, 96
Oregon pine, see Douglas fir
Oregon Railroad & Navigation, 90
Oregon State, 169
Oregon Territory, 28, 32-33
Oriental (brig), 56
Otter, 21-22, 25, 27-28, 92n., 94; see also Sea otter
Overtime pay, 146
Ox teams, see Bull teams
Oxbow, 5
Oysters, 59, 84, 91

Pacific Lumber Manufacturers Association, 141
Pack trains, 244; see also Mule trains
Palouse country, 4
Panic of 1893, 85
Paper products, 195
Paraffine Companies Inc., 195
Parker, Hershell, 226
Peabody, Houghteling and Company, 195
Peeler logs, 200-201
Pellegrini, Angelo, 192-93
Pellegrini family, 192
Penhallow, Mattie, 112
Pérez, Juan, 10, 21
Peter the Great, 9
Peterson, Mattie, 176, 244
Peterson, Oscar, 149, 244
Pettygrove, Francis, 35-36, 42
Philistine, The, 111
Pickering, Governor, 50
Pierce County, 102
Pilots, Coast Guard, 215-16; private, 217-18
Pinchot, Gifford, 169, 171, 182
Pine, 57, 146
Pioneers, 94, 218, 235, 244-45; see also Settlers
Pleasure boats, 217
Plummer, Alfred A., 34-35, 42
Plywood, 197-201
Point Wilson, 59
Politkofsky (ship), 69
Polson Logging Company, 147
Pope, Abner, 106
Pope, Andrew, 56-57, 71-72, 77-78
Port Angeles, 7, 22, 46-48, 50-54, 73, 87-88, 100-101, 147, 185, 195-96, 215-16, 219-21, 228, 230
Port Angeles & Everett railroad, 89
Port Angeles Pacific, 90
Port Angeles Townsite Company, 47
Port Angeles Western railway, 149-150
Port Blakely mill, 191
Port Gamble, 60, 75-77, 82n.
Port Ludlow, 59, 77, 79-82, 139, 141, 189-90
Port Townsend, 34-36, 38-54, 59, 72, 89, 91, 94-97, 99-100, 195, 219, 225
Port Townsend South railroad, 96
Port Townsend & Southern railway, 83-84, 190
Port Townsend Weekly Message, 44
Port Townsend Weekly Republican, 48
Portland, Oregon, 37, 96, 128, 148, 180, 198, 204
Portugal, 18
Portuguese, the, 8, 18, 21
Potlatch House, 87
Potter (schooner), 51
Presto logs, 197
Princess Royal, ship, 121
Proposed Olympic National Park, The, 181
Prospectors, 43, 171, 224
Public Works Administration, 186
Puget, Peter, 25
Puget Mill Company, 57, 61-64, 68-69, 76-79
Puget Sound, 5, 25, 28, 33, 43, 57, 73, 79, 84, 105, 108, 128, 186
Puget Sound Cooperative Colony, 87, 101
Puget Sound & Grays Harbor Railroad, 191
Pulp mills, 148, 183, 195-97
Pulpwood, 197
Purse-seine boats, 233
Pysht, 172
Pysht River, 147, 160

Queen Charlotte Sound, 61
Queets River, 185-86, 225
Quilcene, 65, 83, 97, 99, 190
Quilcene Megaphone, 83
Quillayute, 259
Quillayute Indians, 7, 249
Quillayute River, 24
Quimby, Giles, 207
Quimper, Alferez Manuel, 22
Quimper Peninsula, 35
Quinault, 6
Quinault, Lake, 93, 147
Quinault Indians, 7, 93n., 185
Quinault River, 223-25, 244

Railroads, 83-100, 167-68; logging, 129, 147-50, 210-11
Rain forest, 6-7, 30, 146, 159
Rainfall, 5, 162, 179, 183, 210
Ralston, Will, 243
Raymond, 141
Rayonier Inc., 148, 196-97
Reed, Mark, 194, 196, 202, 208, 211-12
Reed family, 192
Resolute (tugboat), 63, 68
Resolution, H. M. S., 10-12
Revenue cutters, 39, 48-50
Reyes, Rio de los, 9
Rhinoceros auklets, 248
Rhodes, Cecil, 81
Rice, Fred, 177
Rixon, Theodore, 166-68, 194-95
Roads, 172-73, 205, 212; logging, 210; see also Skid roads
Roaring Land, Binns, 80
Rob Roy (ship), 91
Roberts, Bos’n, 247-50, 256-58, 260
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 182, 184-86
Roosevelt, Theodore, 170-71, 181, 227
Rowan, James, 143
Ruby Beach, 252
Russell, Capt. Charles J. W., 91
Russians, the, 9-10, 69, 92, 113

Sabotage, 145
Sacramento River, 91
Sailors’ Union, 124
Salatrass, Peter, 20
Salish Indians, 34
Salmon, 3, 7, 27, 36, 58-59, 61, 63, 179, 216-17, 226-33, 253
Saloons, 45, 124, 126, 136, 138-39
San Blas, 10, 21-22
San Francisco, 33, 35-36, 48, 53, S73 63, 71, 82, 91, 95n., 105-106
San Francisco Bulletin, 42, 48
San Juan Islands, 215, 231
Sash saws, 61
Satsop River, 206-207, 224
Satterlee, Brandon, 65, 97
Sawdust, 137
Sawmills, 36-38, 56, 58, 6o-61, 64, 76-77, 84-85, 87, 128, 180, 183, 190, 196
Saws, see kind of saw, as Circular saw
Sawyers, 131
Sayward, Capt. William, 59
Schmidt, Elsa, 173
Schmidt, Matthew, 115, 117, 120
Schmidt, Max, 209-10
Schmidt ranch, 173
Schools, 172, 208
Scrip, 78, 87
Sea in the Forest, Binns, 139
Sea Master (fishing boat), 233
Sea otters, 9-10, 12-17, 92
Seals, 96
Sealskins, 28, 92
Seattle, 85, 87, 94, 100, 144, 159-160, 170-71, 225-26, 242
Seattle Press, 220-22, 224
Seed-gathering program, 214
Seedlings, 204-205, 213
Sequim, 6
Settlers, 29, 84, 169; see also Pioneers
Shanghaiing, 124
Sheep, 172
Shelton, 166, 189-90, 196, 201-204, 208
Shelton Cooperative Sustained-Yield Unit, 203-204
Shelton Working Cycle, 203, 205
Shenandoah (raider), 95
Shingle mills, 140
Shingle-weavers, 140
Ships’ planks, 62
Shortest Railroad in the World, 89—90
Shubrick (cutter), 48-51, 54
Shutdowns, 211
Siems-Cary-H. S. Herbaught Corporation, 147
Sierra de Santa Rosalia, 10
Simmons, Michael, 93, 190, 256
Simpson, A. M., 128
Simpson, S. G. & Company, 191
Simpson, Sol, 191-92, 194, 202, 212
Simpson Logging Company, 194, 201-202, 211
Sims, Johnny, 221
Single tax, 112
Sitka, 69
Skagit River, 62
Skid road, the, 136-37, 142
Skid roads, 65, 191
Skiing, 218
Skokomish River, 224
Slocum, William, 27n., 28
Slowdown, the, 145
Smith, George Venable, 87-88
Smith, Henry, 53
Smith, James Andrew, 156
Smith, Norman R., 88~go, 219, 221
Smith, Victor, 45-53, 87, 90, 215
Smith, Mrs. Victor, 53
Smithfield, 32-34
Smithsonian Institution, 93
Smugglers, Canadian, 34
Snahappish Trail, 157
Snow, Capt. H. J., 16n,
Socialism, 101-103
Sol Duc, S.S., 228
Sol Duck Investment Company, 148
Soleduck River, 159, 167
Sophie Christenson (schooner), 137
South Africa, 81
South Olympic Tree Farm, 212-14
South Sea Islands, 82
South Seas Company, 18
Soybean glue, 198
Spain, 22, 28
Spaniards, the, g-10, 21-23, 249, 256, 260
Spars, 30-31, 61, 72, 77
Spokane, 112, 143
Spruce, 6, 57, 146-48, 171, 173, 202, 213, 228; Sitka, 57, 64, 168, 214
Spruce Production Division, 146-48, 244
Squaxin, 68
Steilacoom, Fort, 32, 35, 70-71
Steller, Georg Wilhelm, 13, 16n.
Stevens, Charles, 128
Stevens, Isaac, 92~—93
Stevens, James, 64, 134
Storm King Mountain, 184
Strikes, 115, 124, 141, 143, 145, 150
Structural Iron Workers Union, 115
Stump ranchers, 131
Stumpage, 64, 77-78, 133, 180, 194, 203, 242-43
Stumpage fees, 183
Subsidies, 79
Swampers, 64
Swan, James G., 90-100

Tacoma, 84-85, 96, 103-104, 107—111, 118, 138, 165, 170
Tacoma (tugboat), 72
Tacoma & Grays Harbor railway, 85-86
Tacoma Ledger, 108
Tacoma Mill Company, 72
Taft, William Howard, 171
Tala Point, 59
Talbot, Emily Foster, 79
Talbot, Capt. William, 56-58, 60, 71-72, 76-78
Tatoosh, 53, 70, 72, 95, 148, 252, 255
Technocrats, 238
Teed, Cyrus, 111
Teekalet, 60-61
Tehama, S.S., 91
Terrelo, Bartolomé, 8
Thompson, William F., 231
Thompson River, 43
Thurston County, 203
Tillman, J. M., 117
Timber resources, waste of, 163
Timber and Stone Act of 1878, 78, 168
Timber in Your Life, Carhart, 162
Timber-cruisers, 165
Time, Tide and Timber, Coman and Gibbs, 61n.
Topographical maps, 166
Tracy, Thomas H., 144
Trapping, 174
Tree-farm movement, 212-14
Trees, 7, 29, 183, 201-202, 218, 242-43; depletion of, 180, 201; size of, 57; see also Seedlings
Trout, 226-27, 247
Trucks, 211
Truman, Harry S., 187
Tugboats, 63, 68-72
Tugwell, Rex, 182
Turnow, John, 205-207
Turnow County, 205

Umpqua River, 8
Union City, 84-85
Union City and Naval Station, 84
Union organizers, 143
Union Pacific, 84-86, 89
Unions, 115, 124, 140-46, 150
United States, 28, 32-33, 229, 231; see also Americans
U. S. Army, 70, 146, 219
U. S. Bureau of Forestry, 169
U. S. Coast Guard, 215, 246, 251-53, 259
U. S. Congress, 164, 167, 182, 184, 186
U. S. customs houses, 51-53, 89
U. S. customs officers, 33, 45-48, 54, 87
U. S. Department of Agriculture, 169, 182
U. S. Department of Commerce, Lighthouse Service, 251
U. S. Department of the Interior, 169, 182
U. S. Fish and Wildlife 205
U. S. Forest Service, 149, 170-73, 182-84, 202-204, 210
U. S. Geological Survey, 165
U. S. Navy, 162
U. S. Park Service, 181
U. S. Supreme Court, 68
U. S. Treasury Department, 39, 45-46
U. S. War Department, 70, 146
U. S. Weather Bureau, 253
Utopian communities, 87, 101-21
Utsaladdy, 77

Vancouver, Capt. George, 23, 25, 27, 30, 35, 260
Vancouver Island, 11, 24, 31, 57, 75, 215
Vanderbilt, Commodore Cornelius, 71, 169
Vanderveer, George F., 145
Veneers, 197-98
Verity, O. A., 103-104
Verona, S.S., 144
Victoria, 45, 76
Victoria Colonist, 69
Vigilantes, 108, 143-44
Von Geldred Cove, 103
Vose, Donald and Gertrude, 116-17

Waddell, James, g5n.
Waisbrooker, Lois, 112
Walker, Cyrus, 55-58, 61, 76-81, 139
Wallace, Henry, 180, 182
Wallgren, Mon C., 182, 186
Washington, University of, 78, 192, 210, 232
Washington Pulp and Paper Corporation, 195
Washington State, 119
Washington State Game Commission, 155, 175, 205
Washington Territory, 68
Webster, E. B., 227
Welsh, William, 41
West, A. J., 128
Weyerhauser Timber Company, 212
Whale oil, 28, 92, 94
Whiskey Bend, 94
Whisky, 42, 44-45, 47, 54, 138-39
Whistle punks, 130
White, Doc, 227
Whitehorse, 124
Wilkes, Lieut. Charles, 28, 60
Willapa Harbor, 91-92
Williams, Capt. Chris, 72
Wilson, Lieut., 49-50
Wilson, Fred A., 54
Wilson, Woodrow, 145, 171
Wind storms, 148, 168, 178
Winthrop, Theodore, 36, 41
Wisconsin, 83, 130, 163
Wishkah River, 124, 126, 128, 134, 137, 185, 224
Wobblies, see Industrial Workers of the World
Wolf, Dora, see Huelsdonk, Dora
Wolves, 172-73
World revolution, 142
World War I, 145, 198, 230, 244
World War II, 199-200, 241
Wynooche River, 5, 185, 205-206, 224

Yellowstone Timberland Reserve, 164
Yesler, Henry, 136
Yew, 7
Yukon, 124
Yukon-Pacific Exposition, 160

Collection: